To understand how GLP-1 agonists work, it helps to understand how the naturally occurring GLP-1 hormone works.
GLP-1 is a hormone that your small intestine makes. It has several roles, including:
GLP-1 agonist medications work by mimicking this hormone. In medication terms, an agonist is a manufactured substance that attaches to a cell receptor and causes the same action as the naturally occurring substance. In other words, GLP-1 medications bind to GLP receptors to trigger the effects (or roles) of the GLP-1 hormone. The higher the dose of the GLP-1 agonist, the more extreme the effects.
If you have Type 2 diabetes, the medications help manage your blood sugar by triggering your pancreas to release more insulin. The slowed digestion also helps decrease blood sugar spikes.
The satiety effect of GLP1-agonists reduces your food intake, appetite and hunger. These combined effects often result in weight loss.
Other than lowering blood sugar levels and reducing weight, studies show that GLP-1 agonists may have other potential benefits, like:
The most common side effects of GLP-1 agonists include:
These side effects are more likely to happen when you start the medication or if you’re taking an increased dose.
Other side effects can include:
You may also have temporary mild itchiness and/or redness on your skin at the site of the injections.
Severe — but rare — side effects can include: